雷诺兹(1723～1792年)

Reynolds, Joshua

受封为约书亚爵士（Sir Joshua）

英国肖像画家。其父是神父兼校长。1740年在伦敦一个肖像画家处当学徒。他的大型肖像群画《艾略特家族》（约1746）显示出范戴克的影响。在义大利的两年（1750～1752）给他留下了深刻印象。尤其在威尼斯，对他今後一生的绘画都有影响。1753年在伦敦建立了肖像画室，立即取得了成功。他在伦敦早期画的肖像给英国的肖像画注入了新的活力。1760年後，随着希腊-罗马古典式风格的兴起，他的画风也逐渐增加了古典和自我意识的特色。1768年被选为皇家艺术学院的第一任校长。通过他的艺术和教育，雷诺兹使英国的绘画离开18世纪初的趣闻轶事画而走向正式的讲求技巧的大陆学院式绘画。他的着作《艺术演讲录》（1769～1790）主张严格的学院式训练以及对老绘画大师们的研究，是当时最重要的艺术评着之一。

English version：

1723～1792年

Reynolds, Joshua

British portrait painter. Son of a clergyman-schoolmaster, he was apprenticed to a London portraitist in 1740. His large group portrait The Eliot Family (c. 1746) reveals the influence of Anthony Van Dyck. The impressions gained during two years in Italy (1750-52), particularly in Venice, inspired his painting for the rest of his life. He established a portrait studio in London in 1753 and was immediately successful. His early London portraits introduced new vigor into English portraiture. After 1760, with the increasing vogue for Greco-Roman antiquity, his style became increasingly classical and self-conscious. He was elected the first president of the Royal Academy in 1768. Through his art and teaching, Reynolds led British painting away from the anecdotal pictures of the early 18th century toward the formal rhetoric of continental academic painting. His Discourses Delivered at the Royal Academy (1769-90), advocating rigorous academic training and study of the old masters, ranks among the most important art criticism of the time.