佩纽蒂诸语言(Penutian languages)

北美印第安诸语言的假设性的超语族，由美国西部和加拿大的许多语言和语系组成。佩纽蒂假说1913年由克罗伯提出，1921年由萨丕尔改进。和霍卡假说（参阅Hokan languages）一样，佩纽蒂假说试图在世界语言分歧最大的地区之一减少不相关的语系的数量。其核心为加利福尼亚中部海岸和中央谷地的一组语言，包括霍隆语系（科斯塔诺语系〔Costanoan〕）、米沃克语系（Miwok）、温顿语系（Wintun）、迈杜语系（Maidu）和约库茨语系（Yokutsan）。萨丕尔加进了奥瑞冈佩纽蒂语系（曾在奥瑞冈东部通行的语言）、齐努克语系（Chinook，哥伦比亚河下游语言）、高原佩纽蒂语系（高原地区印第安人语言）、钦西安语系（Tsimshian，英哥伦比亚西部语言）以及墨西哥佩纽蒂语系（在墨西哥南部通行）。除墨西哥组外，所有的语言或已消亡或是只有老年人说。虽然这一假说未被证实，但是这组语言中至少有几种语言相互关联。

English version：

Penutian languages

Hypothetical superfamily of North American Indian languages that unites a number of languages and language families mainly of the far western U.S. and Canada. The Penutian hypothesis was proposed by Roland B. Dixon and Alfred L. Kroeber in 1913 and refined by Edward Sapir in 1921. Like the Hokan hypothesis (see Hokan languages), it attempted to reduce the number of unrelated language families in one of the world's most linguistically diverse areas. At its core was a group of languages spoken along California's central coast and in the Central Valley, including Ohlone (Costanoan), Miwok, Wintuan, Maidu, and Yokuts. Sapir added Oregon Penutian (languages once spoken in eastern Oregon), Chinookan (spoken along the lower Columbia River), Plateau Penutian (languages of Plateau Indian peoples), Tsimshian (spoken in western British Columbia), and Mexican Penutian (spoken in southern Mexico). Aside from the Mexican group, all the languages are today either extinct or spoken almost exclusively by older adults. Though the hypothesis remains unproven, at least some languages of the group are probably related to each other.