科克托(1889～1963年)

Cocteau, Jean

法国诗人、剧作家和电影导演。出身富裕家庭。十九岁时写出第一部诗集《阿拉丁之灯》。早年信奉天主教，但不久就放弃宗教信仰。第一次世界大战期间，应徵入伍，在比利时前线驾驶救护车，後来把一些见闻写进小说《骗子托马斯》（1923）。有段时期染上吸食鸦片的毒瘾，但却创作了一些重要作品，如剧作《奥尔菲》（1926）和小说《调皮捣蛋的孩子们》（1929）。其最伟大的剧作公认是《爆炸装置》（1934）。第一部电影剧本是《诗人的血》（1930），1940年代重返电影界，原本只是当编剧，後来当上导演，拍制了脍炙人口的《美女与野兽》（1945）、《奥尔菲》（1949）和《奥尔菲遗言》（1960）。在音乐界，他与一群名为「六人团」的作曲家们来往密切。他还在其他方面与人合作，如提供芭蕾剧情给萨替（《滑稽表演》，1917）和米尧（《屋顶上的牛》，1920），替史特拉汶斯基（《伊底帕斯》，1927）和米尧（《人之声》，1930）写脚本。科克托也是个画家，曾为许多书籍作插画，并是个设计师。他在听到皮雅夫去世後几个小时也跟着过世。

English version：

1889～1963年

Cocteau, Jean

French poet, playwright, and film director. He published his first collection of poems, La lampe d'Aladin, at 19. He converted to Catholicism early, but soon renounced religion. During World War I he was an ambulance driver on the Belgian front, the setting for the novel Thomas l'imposteur (1923). In the years when he was addicted to opium, he produced some of his most important works, including the play Orphée (1926) and the novel Les enfants terribles (1929). His greatest play is thought to be The Infernal Machine (1934). His first film was The Blood of a Poet (1930); he returned to filmmaking in the 1940s, first as a screenwriter and then as a director, and made such admired films as Beauty and the Beast (1945), Orphée (1949), and Le testament d'Orphée (1960). Musically, he was closely associated with the group of composers known as Les Six; among other collaborations, he provided ballet scenarios for E. Satie (Parade, 1917) and D. Milhaud (Le boeuf sur le toit, 1920) and wrote librettos for I. Stravinsky (Oedipus, 1927) and Milhaud (La voix humaine, 1930). Also an artist, he illustrated numerous books with his vivid drawings, and he worked as a designer as well. He died a few hours after hearing of the death of E. Piaf.