里韦拉(1886～1957年)

Rivera, Diego

墨西哥壁画家。在墨西哥城和西班牙学习後，1909～1919年定居巴黎。曾拥护立体主义，但很快就在1917年左右放弃了它，转而寻求简单形体的视觉语言和更大胆的色块运用。1921年返回墨西哥後，他希望在墨西哥革命的觉醒基础上建立一种以改革为主题的艺术。他创作了很多公共壁画，其中最着名的是国家宫殿的壁画（1929～1957）。1930～1934年他在美国工作。他为纽约洛克斐勒中心创作的壁画激起很多争议，最终因带有列宁的形象而被毁。後来曾在墨西哥城的艺术宫重制该画。他与奥罗兹科和西凯罗斯一起创作了壁画的复兴图，成为墨西哥对20世纪艺术最重要的贡献。他的大幅教育性壁画包括了墨西哥历史、文化和工业的场景，其中表现了印第安人、农夫、征服者和工厂工人，他们都作为人群和狭小空间中的人物出现。里韦拉在1929年与卡洛结婚，婚姻关系一直维持到1954年。

English version：

1886～1957年

Rivera, Diego

Mexican muralist. After study in Mexico City and Spain, he settled in Paris from 1909 to 1919. He briefly espoused Cubism but abandoned it c. 1917 for a visual language of simplified forms and bold areas of color. Returning to Mexico in 1921, he sought to create a new national art on revolutionary themes in the wake of the Mexican Revolution. He painted many public murals, the most ambitious of which is in the National Palace (1929-57). From 1930 to 1934 he worked in the U.S. His mural for New York's Rockefeller Center aroused a storm of controversy and was ultimately destroyed because it contained the figure of Vladimir Ilich Lenin; he later reproduced it at the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City. With Jose Clemente Orozco and David A. Siqueiros, he created a revival of fresco painting that became Mexico's most significant contribution to 20th-century art. His large-scale, didactic murals contain scenes of Mexican history, culture, and industry, with Indians, peasants, conquistadores, and factory workers drawn as simplified figures in crowded, shallow spaces. Rivera was married to Frida Kahlo almost uninterruptedly from 1929 to 1954.