皮尔斯(1804～1869年)
Pierce, Franklin
美国第十四任总统（1853～1857）。律师出身，曾任众议员（1833～1837）及参议员（1837～1842）。後又重拾律师本行，并在墨西哥战争（1846～1848）时短期出任公职。1852年的民主党提名大会陷入僵局，他因而被提名为折衷候选人。作为一名并无知名度的候选人，他意外地在大选中击败司各脱。为了保持和谐局面和促进经济繁荣，反对过激的反奴情绪并尽力安抚南方的意见。他主张扩张美国领土，引发了关於「奥斯坦德宣言」的外交争端。皮尔斯政府还完成了外交领事人员的改组，并创立了美国索赔法院。其内政措施包括支援兴建一条横跨新大陆的铁路的计画以及批准加兹登购地案。为了鼓励人民移民到西北部，还批准了「堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法」。但却无力处理在堪萨斯发生的冲突。1856年不敌布坎南未能再度被推选为候选人，便从此退出政治生涯。
English version：
1804～1869年
Pierce, Franklin
14th president of the U.S. (1853-57). Born in Hillsboro, N.H., he practiced law and served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1833-37) and Senate (1837-42). He returned to his law practice, serving briefly in the Mexican War. At the deadlocked Democratic convention of 1852, he was nominated as the compromise candidate; though largely unknown nationally, he unexpectedly trounced Winfield Scott in the general election. For the sake of harmony and business prosperity, he was inclined to oppose antislavery agitation so as to placate Southern opinion. He promoted U.S. territorial expansion, resulting in the diplomatic controversy of the Ostend Manifesto. He reorganized the diplomatic and consular service and created the U.S. Court of Claims. He encouraged plans for a transcontinental railroad and approved the Gadsden Purchase. To promote northwestern migration and conciliate sectional demands, he approved the Kansas-Nebraska Act but was unable to settle the resultant problems. Defeated for renomination by James Buchanan in 1856, he retired from politics.
参考文章
- 葡萄的皮尔斯病及其防治技术果树园艺
- 葡萄皮尔斯病果树园艺
