华莱士(1823～1913年)
Wallace, Alfred Russel
英国博物学家。虽然接受探险和建筑教育，却对植物学感到兴趣。1848年到亚马逊河收集标本。1854～1862年到马来群岛旅行，以补充他的收集品。他在岛屿的观察，使他与达尔文同时独立地发展一套通过物种自然选择而演化的理论。然而。达尔文提出的理论比华莱士要详尽得多，又为此提供了多得多的证据。不同於达尔文，华莱士坚信，人的高智力不是自然选择的结果，而某些非生物学因素一定起了决定作用。华莱士提出在东洋区和澳大拉西亚区两个动物区系分区之间的假设分界线（华莱士线）。许多动物在华莱士线的一侧很丰富，另一侧则稀少。在公共政策方面他支持社会主义、反战论、土地国有化和妇女选举。他的作品包括《自然选择理论文稿》（1870）、《动物的地理区分布》（两册，1876）和《达尔文主义》（1889）。
English version：
1823～1913年
Wallace, Alfred Russel
British naturalist. Though trained as a surveyor and architect, he became interested in botany and traveled to the Amazon in 1848 to collect specimens. In 1854-62 he toured the Malay Archipelago, augmenting his collection. His observations of the islands led to his developing a theory of the origin of species through natural selection independently of, and simultaneously with, Charles Darwin, though Darwin developed his own theory in much greater detail, provided far more evidence for it, and was mainly responsible for its acceptance. Unlike Darwin, Wallace insisted that the higher mental capacities of humans could not have arisen by natural selection but that some nonbiological agency must have been responsible. He hypothesized a boundary (Wallace's line) running between the islands of the Malay Archipelago, between the oriental and Australasian faunal regions, many animals abundant on one side being absent on the other. In the realm of public policy he supported socialism, pacifism, land nationalization, and women's suffrage. His works include Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection (1870), Geographical Distribution of Animals (2 vols., 1876), and Darwinism (1889).
参考文章
- 华莱士卷尾的名称类别、保护现状、地理分布鸟类知识
- 华莱士角鸮的地理分布、保护现状鸟类知识
