几内亚-科普123

几内亚

杂烩百科2023-02-02 16:47:26百科

几内亚

几内亚(Guinea)

正式名称几内亚共和国（Republic of Guinea）

西非国家。面积245,857平方公里。人口约7,614,000（2001）。首都︰康那克立。富拉尼人占多数，其次为马林克人及其他部族。语言︰法语（官方语）。宗教：伊斯兰教。货币︰几内亚法郎。面临大西洋。全境分为四个地形区：下几内亚包括海岸及沿海平原，均为沙质，有泻湖和红树林沼泽点缀其间。东面的富塔贾隆高地自沿海平原突起，升至海拔900公尺以上；上几内亚由尼日河平原构成。森林地区为该国东南部的孤立高地，有海拔1,752公尺的宁巴山，为全国最高峰。西非三条大河－－尼日河、塞内加尔河和甘比亚河。全境大部分属热带湿润气候，有2/5以上土地为热带雨林所覆盖。几内亚属发展中的混合型经济，主要以农业、矿业和贸易为基础。主要经济作物有稻米、香蕉、咖啡。几内亚是世界第二大铝土矿生产国。政府形式是多党制共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑为总统，由总理辅助执政。

约西元900年，来自沙漠地区的大批苏苏人移民进入几内亚，将当地最早的居民巴加人赶到大西洋沿岸一带。13世纪，苏苏人的一些小王国的地位日益上升，後将他们的统治范围扩展到海岸地区。15世纪中叶，葡萄牙人来到海岸地区，开始了贩奴贸易。16世纪，富拉尼人控制了整个富塔贾隆地区。一直延续到19世纪。19世纪初期，法国在努涅斯河岸建立了一个居民点，并於1849年宣布沿海地区为法国保护地。1895年法属几内亚成为法属西非的一部分。1946年，几内亚的地位转变成为法国的一个海外领地。1958年几内亚获得独立。1984年发生军事政变。几内亚开始施行西方政治组织。1991年颁布新宪法。1993年举行第一次多党选举。1990年代几内亚收容来自邻近国赖比瑞亚和狮子山的数以万计的难民。

English version：

Guinea

formerlyFrench GuineaCountry, western Africa. Area: 94,926 sq mi (245,857 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 7,405,000 (including 700,000 refuges from Liberia and Sierra Leone). Capital: Conakry. The Fulani people are in the majority, followed by the Malinke and many other groups. Language: French (official). Religion: Islam. Currency: Guinean franc. Facing the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea has four topographical regions. Lower Guinea comprises the coast and coastal plain, which are sandy and interspersed with lagoons and mangrove swamps. To the east the Fouta Djallon highlands rise sharply from the coastal plain to elevations above 3,000 ft (900 m); western Africa's three major rivers—the Niger, Sénégal, and Gambia—originate there. Upper Guinea comprises the Niger Plains. The Forest Region, an isolated forested highland in the southeast, rises to 5,748 ft (1,752 m) at Mount Nimba, the country's highest peak. Most of the country has a humid tropical climate, while more than two-fifths is covered by tropical rain forest. Export crops include rice, bananas, and coffee. Guinea is the world's second-largest producer of bauxite. Its developing, mixed economy is based on agriculture, mining, and trade. It is a multiparty republic with one legislative house; the head of state and government is the president, assisted by the prime minister. In c. AD 900, successive migrations of the Susu swept down from the desert and pushed the original inhabitants, the Baga, to the Atlantic coast. Small kingdoms of the Susu rose in importance in the 13th century and later extended their rule to the coast. In the mid-15th century the Portuguese visited the coast and developed a slave trade. In the 16th century the Fulani established domination over the Fouta Djallon region; they ruled into the 19th century. In the early 19th century the French arrived, and in 1849 proclaimed the coastal region a French protectorate. In 1895 French Guinea became part of the federation of French West Africa. In 1946 it was made an overseas territory of France, and in 1958 achieved independence. Following a military coup in 1984, Guinea began implementing Westernized government systems. A new constitution was adopted in 1991, and the first multiparty elections were held in 1993. During the 1990s, Guinea accommodated several hundred thousand war refugees from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone.