麦迪奇(1519～1574年)

Medici, Cosimo I de'

第二任佛罗伦斯公爵（1537～1574）、第一任托斯卡尼大公（1569～1574）。乔凡尼.德.麦迪奇之子，在获悉佛罗伦斯公爵、远房堂兄弟亚历山德罗被刺杀後，赶到佛罗伦斯，当选为共和国首脑（1537），与元老院、公民大会和政府委员会共同统治。这次选举得到查理五世认可。之後开始实行领土扩张，1554年进攻锡耶纳，击败斯特罗齐（P. Strozzi）统率的法军。1559年麦迪奇家族出身的庇护四世就任教宗，进一步加强了科西莫的势力。1560年教宗任命科西莫之子乔凡尼为枢机主教，乔凡尼死後又将其职授予科西莫另一子斐迪南，逐步取得托斯卡尼的统治权。1559年委托画家兼建筑设计师瓦萨里（G. Vasari）设计办公楼乌菲兹宫。他还发掘了伊楚利亚遗址，从中发掘出像「演说家」、「喷火女妖」这样举世闻名的作品。他还建立了佛罗伦斯学院。1569年教宗庇护五世授予他托斯卡尼大公称号。

English version：

1519～1574年

Medici, Cosimo I de'

Second duke of Florence (1537-74) and first grand duke of Tuscany (1569-74). The son of Giovanni de' Medici, Cosimo became head of the Florentine republic in 1537 after the assassination of his distant cousin Alessandro de' Medici. He continued Alessandro's tyrannical rule and defeated attempts to oust him with aid from Emperor Charles V. Seeking to expand his power, he attacked Siena in 1554 and brought nearly all of Tuscany under his control. He used his despotic power to improve the government's efficiency and to sponsor artistic projects. Far advanced for the time as an administrator, he united all public services into one building, the Uffizi (“Offices”), designed by Giorgio Vasari. He promoted the talents of such artists as Il Bronzino and Bartolommeo Ammannati, sponsored archaeological excavations of Etruscan sites, and established the Florentine Academy for linguistic studies. In 1569 he was given the title grand duke of Tuscany.