非洲中心论(Afrocentrism)

一种文化性、政治性、意识形态性的运动，成员多数为非裔美国人，他们将所有黑人视为非洲人的融合体，他们也相信自己的世界观必须积极反映非洲的传统价值。非洲中心论主张，过去由於欧洲人的奴役以及殖民，黑人和其他非白种族裔受到宰制已有几世纪之久，同时，欧洲文化也藉由忽视或贬低非欧洲人的成就来获致自决。根植於历史上各种黑人民族独立运动，像是衣索比亚主义（Ethiopianism）、泛非主义（Pan-Africanism）、黑人自觉运动（Negritude）等，非洲中心论力陈古埃及在文化上的首要性，被视为一种唤起政治行动的激发力量。除了强调合作与灵性之外，非洲中心论也拥护当代非裔美国人的表达文化（语言、烹调、音乐、舞蹈、衣着等）。阿桑特（Molefi Asante）於1980年代创出此一词汇，「非洲中心主义」这个字眼因为几部着作而广为流传，像是伯诺（Martin Bernal）所着的《黑色雅典娜：古典文明中的非亚根源》（Black Athena: Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization，两卷本，1987～1991）。然而，这种观点遭到主流学者的反对，他们指其缺乏历史精确性、学术上不合格、充满种族偏见--这使得非洲中心论的某些拥护者反控他们具有种族偏见。

English version：

Afrocentrism

Cultural, political, and ideological movement, predominantly comprised of African Americans, which regards all blacks as syncretic Africans and which believes that their worldview should positively reflect traditional African values. Afrocentrism argues that for centuries blacks and other nonwhites have been dominated, through slavery and colonization by Europeans, and that European culture ignores or devalues efforts by non-Europeans to achieve self-determination. Rooted in historical black nationalist movements such as Ethiopianism, Pan-Africanism, and Negritude, Afrocentrism asserts the cultural primacy of ancient Egypt and is seen as a spur to political activism. In addition to emphasizing cooperation and spirituality, it champions contemporary African-American expressive culture (language, cuisine, music, dance, and clothing). Coined by Molefi Asante in the 1980s, the term "Afrocentrism" was popularized by such books as [book]Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, 2 vol. (1987-91), by Martin Bernal. However, it has encountered opposition from mainstream scholars who charge it with historical innacuracy, scholarly ineptitude, and racism-prompting countercharges of racism from some of its defenders.