普罗高菲夫(1891～1953年)

Prokofiev, Sergei (Sergeievich)

俄罗斯作曲家和钢琴家。他是一名钢琴家的儿子，在五岁时开始学钢琴，九岁时创作了一部歌剧。他曾在圣彼得堡音乐学院学习（1904～1914），师从林姆斯基－高沙可夫和其他的音乐家。他多产而高傲，1910年起开始靠当鉴赏家为生。他在毕业演出时演奏了自己的第一首协奏曲。在第一次世界大战期间，他写了《西徐亚组曲》（1915）和他的第一部（古典）交响曲（1917）。1912年他的歌剧《三个橘子的爱情》在芝加哥上演。从1922年起，巴黎成了他的据点，他在1920年代完成了三部新的交响乐和完整的歌剧《愤怒的天使》（1927）和《赌徒》（1928）。在1930年代，他回到了俄罗斯，写了很多芭蕾剧，包括《罗蜜欧与茱丽叶》（1936）和《彼得与狼》（1936）等，并为爱森斯坦的电影《亚历山大.涅夫斯基》（1938）创作了歌曲。在第二次世界大战的影响下，他为爱森斯坦的电影《恐怖的伊凡》（1942～1945）创作了歌曲，并写了歌剧《战争与和平》（1943）。政府在1948年对他的作品的谴责对普罗高菲夫而言是一个沈重的打击，健康状况每况愈下，并同史达林在同一天去世。

English version：

1891～1953年

Prokofiev, Sergei (Sergeievich)

Russian composer and pianist. Son of a pianist, he began writing piano pieces at age 5 and wrote an opera at 9. He studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory (1904-14) with N. Rimsky-Korsakov and others. Prolific and arrogant, from 1910 he made a living by performing as a virtuoso. He played his own first concerto at his graduation recital. During World War I he wrote his Scythian Suite (1915) and First (“Classical”) Symphony (1917). His opera The Love for Three Oranges premiered in 1921 in Chicago. Paris was his base from 1922, and the 1920s saw three new symphonies and the completed operas The Fiery Angel (1927) and The Gambler (1928). In the 1930s, he was drawn back to Russia; there he wrote scores for the ballet Romeo and Juliet (1936), Peter and the Wolf (1936), and Sergei Eisenstein's film Alexander Nevsky (1938). World War II inspired the score to Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible (1942-45) and the opera War and Peace (1943). The government's denunciation of his work in 1948 was a harsh blow; his health failed, and he died on the same day as Joseph Stalin.