提比略(前42～西元37年)

Tiberius

全名Tiberius (Julius) Caesar Augustus，原名Tiberius Claudius Nero。

古代罗马第二代皇帝。由奥古斯都抚养长大。奥古斯都娶了提比略的母亲德鲁塞拉。二十二岁时初次指挥战役，夺回几十年前在安息丢掉的几个罗马军团的旗帜，因而声名大振。但是他被迫放弃心爱的妻子，娶奥古斯都的女儿朱利亚为妻（西元前12年）。尽管担任罗马执政官，他自愿前往罗德岛过着流放生活（西元前6年），成为愤怒的隐士。西元前4年其妻由於不守妇道被奥古斯都流放。奥古斯都将他召回罗马并指定他为继承人。成为皇帝以後，最初他能有效的管理国家，开始了一些改革，只是偶尔才很严酷，如藉口驱逐罗马的犹太居民。其子德鲁苏斯神秘逝世以後，他开始信赖塞扬努斯，并移居卡布利（27）。从此他逐渐变得越来越强暴，随意杀人拷打人。31年塞扬努斯成为执政官後，提比略怀疑其野心，并将起处死，指定卡利古拉为其继承人。37年罗马禁卫军宣布支持卡利古拉，杀死了病床上的提比略。

English version：

前42～西元37年

Tiberius

orig.Tiberius Claudius NeroSecond Roman emperor (AD 14-37). He was raised by Augustus, who had married his mother, Livia Drusilla. In his first military command, at 22, he recovered Roman legionary standards lost for decades in Parthia, and returned to great acclaim. He was forced to give up his beloved wife to marry Augustus' daughter Julia (12 BC). Despite becoming tribune, he went into self-imposed exile on Rhodes (6 BC), becoming an angry recluse. By 4 BC Julia was exiled for promiscuity by Augustus, who recalled Tiberius and named him his heir. As emperor he initially ran the state efficiently and instituted some reforms, with only occasional severity, such as exiling Rome's Jewish population on a pretext. When his son Drusus died mysteriously, he gave his trust to Sejanus and was persuaded to move to Capri (27). He became increasingly violent, killing and torturing at a whim. After Sejanus became coconsul in 31, Tiberius became suspicious of his ambition and executed him, then named Caligula his heir. In 37 the Praetorian Guard declared its support for Caligula and killed Tiberius when he was sick in bed.