帕拉弟奥(1508～1580年)

Palladio, Andrea，原名Andrea di Pietro della Gondola。

义大利建筑师。当他还是一名年轻石工时，就被一名义大利学者发现，并很快开始学习数学、音乐、哲学和古典作家作品。从1541年起，他几次来到罗马研究古代废墟。他首次设计的宫殿是奇韦纳宫（1540～1546），该宫殿模仿古罗马广场，在主建筑之後修筑一个连拱廊区域，是建筑设计的一大革新。在他设计的别墅中，帕拉弟奥尝试着重现古文献中描述的罗马别墅。他设计的第一座别墅即位於洛内多的戈迪别墅（1540年～1542），其中包括了他最着名的设计要点︰对称的侧厅和带围墙的庭院。後人模仿最多的是他设计的坐落在维琴察附近的圆厅别墅。他重建了维琴察巴西利卡（市政厅，始於1549年），采用了两层拱廊和後来被称为「帕拉弟奥式」的基本样式（侧翼带方孔的圆形拱门）。他设计的教堂外观包括坐落在威尼斯的圣方济.德拉.维尼亚教堂（1565?）、圣乔治-马焦雷教堂（始建於1566年）和救世主教堂（始建於1576年），成为了将古典庙宇的正面用於大教堂的典范之作。帕拉弟奥是第一位将房屋设计系统化并运用古希腊罗马庙宇正面外观来设计门廊的建筑师。他所着的《建筑四书》是有史以来影响最为深远的建筑书籍。他的影响力在18世纪古典复兴时期达到顶峰；由此产生的帕拉弟奥主义传遍了整个欧洲和美国。

English version：

1508～1580年

Palladio, Andrea

Italian architect. While a young mason, he was noticed by an Italian scholar and soon found himself studying mathematics, music, philosophy, and classical authors. From 1541 he made several trips to Rome to study ancient ruins. His first palace design, the Palazzo Civena (1540-46), was innovative for its use of an arcaded area behind the main elevation, in imitation of a Roman forum. In his villas, Palladio tried to recreate the Roman villa based on ancient descriptions. His first, Villa Godi at Lonedo (c. 1540-42), contained elements for which he is famous, including symmetrical wings and a walled court. His most widely copied villa was the Villa Rotonda (1550-51), near Vicenza. His reconstruction of the Basilica (town hall) in Vicenza (begun 1549) employs a two-story arcade with a motif that came to be known as Palladian: rounded arches flanked by rectangular openings. His facades for San Francesco della Vigna (c. 1565), San Giorgio Maggiore (begun 1566), and Il Redentore (begun 1576), all in Venice, became prototypes for attaching classical temple fronts to basilican churches. Palladio was the first to systematize the plan of a house and to use the ancient Greco-Roman temple front as a portico. His Four Books of Architecture was possibly the most influential architectural pattern book ever printed. His influence climaxed during the 18th-century Classical Revival; the resulting Palladianism spread through Europe and the U.S.