布拉姆斯(1833～1897年)

Brahms, Johannes

德裔奥地利钢琴家、作曲家，生於汉堡。乐师之子，从小便是个钢琴神童。1853年认识作曲家舒曼及其妻、卓越的钢琴家克拉拉.舒曼，舒曼立即宣称他为天才，舒曼夫人则成为他终身爱慕的对象。1863年移居维也纳，这里是他主要的住所直至去世。曾经担任过合唱团和乐团指挥、独奏乐师等职务。《德意志安魂曲》（1868）的成功为他带来国际声誉。1876年完成的第一首交响乐，使他更为出名；小提琴协奏曲（1879）和第二首钢琴协奏曲（1882）则使他获得伟大作曲家之名。布拉姆斯的作品以古典形态为本，因而被李斯特和华格纳的仰慕者视为保守的作品。他的弦乐器作品包括四首交响乐（1876, 1877, 1883, 1885），两首钢琴协奏曲（1858, 1881），一首小提琴协奏曲（1878）、一首双协奏曲（1887）、两首小夜曲（1858, 1859）和两首序曲（1880）。他的大型室内乐作品有四首弦乐四重奏、两首弦乐六重奏、两首弦乐五重奏、三首钢琴四重奏、三首钢琴协奏曲、三首小提琴奏鸣曲、两首大提琴奏鸣曲以及两首单簧管奏鸣曲。他还写了三首钢琴奏鸣曲和近两百五十首民谣歌曲。

English version：

1833～1897年

Brahms, Johannes

German-Austrian composer. Born in Hamburg, son of a musician, he became a piano prodigy. In 1853 he met R. and C. Schumann (see C. Schumann, R. Schumann); Robert immediately proclaimed him a genius, and Clara became the lifelong object of his affections. In 1863 he moved to Vienna, which would remain his principal home until his death. He took several positions as choral and orchestral conductor and performed as a soloist. The success of his German Requiem (1868) gave him an international reputation; his first symphony (1876) led to even greater fame, and his violin concerto (1879) and second piano concerto (1882) led many to acclaim him the greatest living composer. His music, grounded in the Classical style, was seen as conservative, especially with respect to that of Richard Wagner and F. Liszt. His orchestral works include four symphonies (1876, 1877, 1883, 1885), two piano concertos (1858, 1881), a violin concerto (1878), and a double concerto (1887), two serenades (1858, 1859), and two overtures (1880). His large chamber-music output included four string quartets, two string sextets, two string quintets, three piano quartets, three piano trios, three violin sonatas, two cello sonatas, and two clarinet sonatas. He also wrote three piano sonatas, choral music, and more than 250 lieder.