莫三比克(Mozambique)

正式名称莫三比克共和国（Republic of Mozambique）

旧称葡属东非（Portuguese East Africa）

非洲东南沿海国家。面积771,421平方公里。人口约19,371,000（2001）。首都︰马布多。境内约一半的人口为操班图语的非洲人，语言文化群体包括马夸人（Makua）、聪加人（Tsonga）、马拉威人、绍纳人（Shona）和尧人（Yao）。语言：葡萄牙语（官方语）、班图诸语言、斯瓦希里语。宗教：传统信仰、基督教、伊斯兰教。货币︰美蒂卡（Mt）。莫三比克可分为两个大区：南部的低地和北部的高地，被尚比西河隔开。莫三比克属开发中的中央计画经济，主要以农业、国际贸易和轻工业为基础，1975年後若干产业收归国有。政府形式为共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑为总统，由总理辅佐。

莫三比克的最早居民是约在西元3世纪定居该地的班图人。14世纪时，阿拉伯商人占领了沿岸地区；自16世纪初期起，葡萄牙人统治该地区。奴隶贩卖後来成为莫三比克经济中重要的一部分，到18世纪中叶贩奴被查禁，但仍非法进行。19世纪後期，葡萄牙政府特许私营公司来管理内陆部分领地，1951年成为葡萄牙的一个海外省。1960年代展开独立运动，经历多年战争後，於1975年获得独立，由莫三比克解放阵线一党进行统治。1970年代和1980年代的内战使莫三比克遭受严重破坏。1990年的新宪法结束了马克思主义集体主义，引进民营化、市场经济及多党政府。1992年与叛军签署和平协议。

English version：

Mozambique

formerlyPortuguese East AfricaNation, southeastern coast of Africa. Area: 297,846 sq mi (771,421 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 18,165,000. Capital: Maputo. About half the people are Bantu-speaking Africans. Ethnolinguistic groups include the Makua, Tsonga, Malawi, Shona, and Yao peoples. Languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu, Swahili. Religions: traditional beliefs, Christianity, Islam. Currency: metical. Mozambique may be divided into two broad regions: the lowlands in the south and the highlands in the north, separated by the Zambezi River. It has a centrally planned, developing economy based on agriculture, international trade, and light industries. Several industries were nationalized after 1975. It is a republic with one legislature; its head of state and government is the president, assisted by the prime minister. Inhabited in prehistoric times, it was settled by Bantu peoples c. 3rd century AD. Arab traders occupied the coastal region from the 14th century, and the Portuguese controlled the area from the early 16th century. The slave trade later became an important part of the economy. Outlawed in the mid-18th century, it continued illegally. In the late 19th century private trading companies began to administer parts of the inland areas. It became an overseas province of Portugal in 1951. An independence movement became active in the 1960s, and after years of war, the country was granted independence in 1975. A single-party state under the Frelimo, or Mozambique Liberation Front party, it was wracked by civil war in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1990 a new constitution ended its Marxist collectivism and introduced privatization, a market economy, and multiparty government. A peace treaty was signed with the rebels in 1992.