安哥拉-科普123

安哥拉

杂烩百科2023-02-02 19:27:09百科

安哥拉

安哥拉(Angola)

正式名称为安哥拉共和国（Republic of Angola）

旧称葡属西非（Portuguese West Africa）

非洲南部国家。最北部领土是卡宾达飞地，与安哥拉本土隔着刚果的一道狭窄走廊。面积1,246,700平方公里。人口约10,366,000（2001）。首都︰卢安达。人民大部分属操班图诸语言的民族，最大的种族语言集团是奥文本杜人和姆本杜人，还有栖居於东南部的操科伊桑语的桑人。语言︰葡萄牙语（官方语）。宗教：基督教（天主教和新教）、传统信仰。货币：宽札（Kz）。该国包括一系列高原，将境内分成三大水系，东北部河流多注入刚果河，东南部属尚比西河，其余的河流都向西流入大西洋，提供全国大部分的水电。40%左右的土地是森林，不到10%为耕地。虽然蕴藏丰富的石油，但安哥拉因长期内战的破坏，没能好好利用这种资源。名目上为共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑总统，并有总理协助。

西元第一千纪期间，操班图语的民族已进入安哥拉地区，约15世纪时统治该区。最重要的王国为刚果人的班图王国；南方则是姆本杜人的恩东加王国。1483年葡萄牙航海探险家到达此地，并经过长期且规律地扩充对其的统治。19世纪时欧洲其他国家决定了安哥拉大部分的疆界，遭到当地人激烈的反抗。1951年其地位从葡萄牙殖民地转变为海外省。因反抗殖民统治而在1961年爆发战争，最终导致1975年获得独立。独立後内部敌对派系之争仍持续，虽在1994年达成和平协议，但萨文比仍继续反抗政府统治。

English version：

Angola

formerlyPortuguese West AfricaNation, South Africa. Its northernmost section of coastland, the Cabinda exclave, is separated from Angola proper by a narrow corridor of Congo territory. Area: 481,351 sq mi (1,246,700 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 10,624,000. Capital: Luanda. The population is made up of mostly Bantu-speaking peoples; the main ethnic groups are the Ovimbundu and the Mbundu, while the Khoisan-speaking San (Bushmen) inhabit southeastern Angola. Languages: Portuguese (official), indigenous languages. Religions: Christianity (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism), traditional beliefs. Currency: kwanza. The country contains several plateau regions, which separate it into three distinct drainage systems. One in the northeast drains into the Congo River basin; another in the southeastern sector drains into the Zambezi system; the remaining drainage, westward into the Atlantic, provides most of Angola's hydroelectric power. About 40% of the land area is forest; less than 10% is arable. Despite substantial petroleum reserves, Angola's economy has been unable to take advantage of its resources because of the devastation caused by its protracted civil war. It is nominally a republic with one legislative house; its head of state and government is the president assisted by the prime minister. An influx of Bantu-speaking peoples in the 1st millennium AD led to their dominance in the area by c. 1500. The most important Bantu kingdom was the Kongo; south of the Kongo was the Ndongo kingdom of the Mbundu people. Portuguese explorers arrived in 1483 and over time gradually extended their rule. Angola's frontiers were largely determined with other European nations in the 19th century, not without severe resistance by the indigenous peoples. Its status as a Portuguese colony was changed to that of an overseas province in 1951. Resistance to colonial rule led to the outbreak of fighting in 1961, which led ultimately to independence in 1975. Rival factions continued fighting after independence; though a peace accord was reached in 1994, forces led by Jonas M. Savimbi continued to resist government control.