移植(transplant)，亦作graft。
部分或完整的器官，或是身体其他部分，从一处移出并附加在另一部位上。移植可能是相同或不同的人或动物。同一个人的移植不会有排斥作用，通常用於皮肤移植。从他人或动物来作移植会有排斥，除非极为相容或是没有血管（如眼角膜），或是接受者的免疫反应受到终身的药物治疗所压制。移植组织必须比输血更加符合（经由血液试验）。以造成排斥的细胞为目标的单源抗体前景可期。现今的测试用单源抗体与抗原反应只有用在参与排斥作用的T细胞上，其他的还没有考虑。皮肤移植的排斥物质不多，只需要维持几个星期，骨骼移植在细胞死後结构仍在。骨髓移植时，捐赠者的骨髓细胞可能攻击接受者的组织，通常会致命。肺脏移植有较高的成功率，作为心肺移植的一部分。亦请参阅heart transplant、kidney transplant。
English version：
transplant
Partial or complete organ or other body part removed from one site and attached at another. It may come from the same or a different person or an animal. One from the same person—most often a skin graft—is not rejected. Transplants from another person or, especially, an animal are rejected unless they are unusually compatible or have no blood vessels (e.g., the cornea), or if the recipient's immune reaction is suppressed by lifelong drug treatment. Transplanted tissues must match (by blood tests) more closely than blood transfusions. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the cells that cause rejection hold great promise. Tests are now under way with monoclonal antibodies that react with antigens present only on T cells that are participating in rejection, sparing the rest. Rejection matters less in skin grafts, which may need to last only weeks, and bone grafts, whose structure remains after the cells die. In bone-marrow transplants, the donor's marrow cells may attack the recipient's tissues, often fatally. Lung transplants have greater chance of success as part of a heart-and-lung transplant. See also heart transplant, kidney transplant.
参考文章
- 黑色素移植能治疗白癜风？皮肤科与传染
- 银杏苗的移植技术果树园艺
- 木瓜大树裸根移植技术果树园艺
- 白癫风细胞移植治疗皮肤科与传染
- 肾移植术的禁忌证有哪些？泌尿科/男科
- 采用毛发移植法治疗白癜风皮肤科与传染
- 自体表皮移植治疗白癜风的介绍皮肤科与传染
- 什么是肾脏移植？泌尿科/男科
- 移植骨的转归如何?骨科
- 内蒙古兴安盟大银鱼的移植技术水产/渔业
