劳伦斯(1885～1930年)

Lawrence, D(avid) H(erbert)

英国小说家、短篇故事作家、诗人和短文作家。密德兰一位煤矿工人的儿子，母亲则是受过教育的人。劳伦斯在1905年开始写作，并在1908年取得教师资格。福特在《英语文摘》上刊登了许多劳伦斯的早期作品，并帮助劳伦斯出版其第一本小说《白孔雀》（1911）。其作品主题经常以早期生活经历或是与其妻芙丽达（德国人，结婚於1914年）间的关系为出发点。第一次世界大战期间，由於众人对他们抱持的和平主义和出身怀有敌意与疑问，夫妻两在1919年後曾在许多国家居住过，未再回到英国。《儿子与情人》（1913）是一部关於工人阶层家庭生活的传记性小说。《虹》（1915）与续篇《恋爱中的女人》（1920）描写工业化对人类心灵的影响因而产生的现代文明的病态情形。《袋鼠》（1923）描述的是他在战争期间所受的迫害。《羽毛海怪》（1926）是他受到阿兹特克文化启发的一部作品。劳伦斯的作品以强烈的情感和官能描述而出名，他的一些作品，包括《查泰莱夫人的情人》（1928），因被认为内容淫秽而遭禁。劳伦斯死於结核病，该病自早期罹病後即一直困扰着他。

English version：

1885～1930年

Lawrence, D(avid) H(erbert)

English novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist. The son of a Midlands coal miner and an educated mother, he began to write in 1905 and earned a teaching certificate in 1908. Ford Madox Ford published much of Lawrence's early work in the English Review and helped place his first novel, The White Peacock (1911). He often drew his themes from his early life history or from his relationship with his German wife, Frieda, whom he married in 1914. The object of hostility and suspicion during World War I because of his pacifism and her origins, the couple lived in various countries after 1919, never returning to England. Sons and Lovers (1913) is an autobiographical novel about working-class family life. The Rainbow (1915) and its sequel, Women in Love (1920), trace the sickness of modern civilization to the effects of industrialization upon the human psyche. Kangaroo (1923) describes the persecution he experienced during the war. The Plumed Serpent (1926) was inspired by his fascination with Aztec culture. Lawrence's writing is notable for its intensity and its erotic sensuality; several of his works, including Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), were banned as obscene. He died of the tuberculosis that had plagued him from an early age.