腓力二世(前382～西元前336年)

Philip II

别名马其顿的腓力（Philip of Macedonia）

马其顿的第十八任国王（西元前359～西元前336年）。亚历山大大帝之父。原为其侄子的摄政王，结果篡位。起初与邻国保持和平，利用这段时间建立军队，引进新型装备和战略，加强训练并巩固西部防线。他在东部边界上的活动激怒了希腊人，从而组成了反腓力同盟。腓力插手圣战，支持德尔斐脱离培奥尼亚（Paeonia），与底比斯和色萨利同盟结成盟友，并在同盟中成为领导者。狄摩西尼通过抨击腓力的演说《反腓力辞》（西元前346～西元前342年），使雅典人与腓力为敌，同时底比斯人也开始视腓力为一威胁力量。腓力在喀罗尼亚战役中击败了雅典人和底比斯人，成为整个希腊的领导者。他将希腊城邦组成科林斯同盟以攻击波斯人，但因为家族政治而取消。因为再娶，他的第一任妻子奥林匹亚斯带着亚历山大离开了他。腓力後来被一名马其顿贵族刺杀，很可能是与奥林匹亚斯和亚历山大共谋策画。

English version：

前382～西元前336年

Philip II

18th king of Macedonia (359-336 BC), father of Alexander the Great. Appointed regent for his nephew, he seized the throne. He initially promoted peace with his neighbors, using the time gained to build his forces, introducing innovations in arms, tactics, and training and stabilizing his western frontier. His movements on the eastern frontier provoked the Greeks into forming a coalition against him. He intervened in the Sacred War to free Delphi from the Phocians, becoming the ally of Thebes and the Thessalian League, whose president he became. Demosthenes turned Athens against him with his Philippics (346-342), and Thebes also came to view Philip as a threat. He defeated both at the Battle of Chaeronea, becoming leader of all Greece. He formed the Greek states into the League of Corinth to attack Persia, but was undone by family politics. As he had taken a second wife, his first wife, Olympias, left him, taking Alexander. Philip was assassinated by a Macedonian nobleman, possibly in collusion with Olympias and Alexander.