蒙特内哥罗；黑山(Montenegro)

塞尔维亚－克罗埃西亚语作Crna Gora

塞尔维亚与蒙特内哥罗的立宪共和国。面积︰13,812平方公里。人口︰约897,000（1997）。首都︰波德戈里察。共和国的名字（意为「黑山」）指的是洛夫琴山（1,749公尺），在古代为亚得里亚海附近坚强的屏障。地理景观从乾燥的丘陵到森林和肥沃的谷地。经济以农业为基础，特别是畜养绵羊和山羊及种植谷物。人口大多为蒙特内哥罗人，信奉东正教；还有不少穆斯林和少数阿尔巴尼亚人。在罗马帝国统治下，该地区是伊利里亚行省的一部分。7世纪时斯拉夫人来此定居，12世纪晚期与塞尔维亚帝国合并。1389年土耳其人击败塞尔维亚後该地区重获独立（参阅Kosovo, Battle of）。常与土耳其人和阿尔巴尼亚人发生战争，1711年开始於俄罗斯人结盟。在1912～1913年间的巴尔干战争与巴尔干国家联合共同与土耳其人作战。第一次世界大战期间支持塞尔维亚。该国後被塞尔维亚合并；成为塞尔维亚－克罗埃西亚－斯洛维尼亚王国的一部分（1929年起更名为南斯拉夫）。第二次世界大战期间被义大利占领，也是重要战场。1946年新南斯拉夫的联邦宪法使蒙特内哥罗成为六个名义上的自治联邦单位之一。1991年南斯拉夫瓦解後，蒙特内哥罗和塞尔维亚於1992年合组新的南斯拉夫联邦共和国。1990年代晚期它开始寻求独立。

English version：

Montenegro

Constituent republic (pop., 1997 est.: 879,000) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Area: 5,333 sq mi (13,812 sq km). Capital: Podgorica. The republic's name (“Black Mtn.”) refers to Mount Lovcen (5,738 ft, or 1,749 m), its ancient stronghold near the Adriatic Sea. Its landscape ranges from arid hills to forests and fertile valleys. Its economy is based on agriculture, especially the raising of sheep and goats and the cultivation of cereal grains. The majority of its population are Montenegrins who follow the Eastern Orthodox church; there are sizable Muslim and Albanian minorities. Under the Roman empire the region was part of the province of Illyria. Settled by Slavs in the 7th century, it was incorporated in the Serbian empire in the late 12th century. It retained its independence following the Turkish defeat of the Serbians in 1389 (see Battle of Kosovo). Often at war with the Turks and Albanians, it began an alliance with Russia in 1711. In the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, it cooperated against Turkey. It supported Serbia during and after World War I. It was then absorbed into Serbia; the union became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (from 1929, Yugoslavia). During World War II it was occupied by the Italians and was the scene of heavy fighting. In 1946 the federal constitution of the new Yugoslavia made Montenegro one of Yugoslavia's six nominally autonomous federated units. In 1991, after the breakup of Yugoslavia, Montenegro and Serbia formed the new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992. In the late 1990s, it began to seek its own independence.