米开朗基罗(1475～1564年)

Michelangelo (di Lodovico Buonarroti)

义大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师和诗人。出生於佛罗伦斯共和国的卡普雷塞，曾在佛罗伦斯短期随吉兰达约当学徒，後来开始为麦迪奇制作第一座雕像，後来又作了好几个。1492年麦迪奇死後，他前往波隆那，後至罗马。他制作了《酒神》（1496～1497），建立起声誉，进而接受《圣母怜子图》的委托（现藏圣彼得大教堂），这是他晚年的杰作，作品证明他有能力利用一块大理石雕出两个分立的人形。他的《大卫》（1501～1504，受佛罗伦斯大教堂的委托）至今仍被视为文艺复兴时期理想中完美人类的最高典范。另一方面，他还制作了几座私人委托的圣母像，还有赢得举世赞赏的唯一的架上绘画《圣家族》。受到野心勃勃的雕塑计画（他总是没有完成）的吸引，他不情愿地接下西斯汀礼拜堂的天花板绘画工作（1508～1512）。第一个场景描述诺亚方舟的故事，相当稳健而规模很小，但随着工作进行，他信心渐增，而较後来完成的场景显示出大胆而繁复的心思。他在佛罗伦斯麦迪奇礼拜堂（亦由他设计）的坟墓人像（1519～1533）是他最有成就的创作。他的最後三十年大致献给西斯汀礼拜堂的《最後的审判》湿壁画，还有写诗（留下三百首以上的十四行诗和牧歌）、建筑方面的工作。他受托完成圣彼得大教堂，这座教堂从1506年始建，至1514年仍然没有什麽进展。虽然米开朗基罗死时，教堂大致尚未完成，内部却要归功於他而非其他任何建筑师。如今，他被视为地位最崇高的一位艺术家。

English version：

1475～1564年

Michelangelo (di Lodovico Buonarroti)

Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. Born in Caprese, he served a brief apprenticeship with Domenico Ghirlandaio in Florence before beginning the first of several sculptures for Lorenzo de'Medici. After Lorenzo's death in 1492, he left for Bologna and then for Rome. There his Bacchus (1496-97) established his fame and led to a commission for the Pietà now in St. Peter's Basilica, the masterpiece of his early years, in which he demonstrated his unique ability to extract two distinct figures from one marble block. His David (1501-4), commissioned for the cathedral of Florence, is still considered the prime example of the Renaissance ideal of perfect humanity. On the side he produced several Madonnas for private patrons and his only universally accepted easel painting, The Holy Family (known as the Doni Tondo). Attracted to ambitious sculptural projects, which he did not always complete, he reluctantly agreed to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-12). The first scenes, depicting the story of Noah, are relatively stable and on a small scale, but his confidence grew as he proceeded, and the later scenes evince boldness and complexity. His figures for the tombs in Florence's Medici Chapel (1519-33), which he designed, are among his most accomplished creations. He devoted his last 30 years largely to the Last Judgment fresco in the Sistine Chapel, to writing poetry (he left more than 300 sonnets and madrigals), and to architecture. He was commissioned to complete St. Peter's Basilica, begun in 1506 and little advanced since 1514. Though it was not quite finished at Michelangelo's death, its exterior owes more to him than to any other architect. He is regarded today as among the most exalted of artists.