戈利钦家族(Golitsyn family)

俄罗斯贵族家族，14世纪立陶宛大公格迪米纳斯（Gediminas）的後裔。该家族有三名成员在彼得大帝（彼得一世）统治期间扮演重要角色。瓦西里.戈利钦是彼得的摄政苏菲亚的首席顾问。鲍里斯.戈利钦（1654～1714）为宫廷大臣（1676）和彼得的家庭教师，1689年参与废黜苏菲亚、拥立彼得的政变，彼得在位初期所取得的重要成就都与他有密切关系。後来由於他在下窝瓦河地区的暴政引起一场大暴动，被彼得解除职务。季米特里.戈利钦（1665～1737）从1697年开始多次受彼得派任，但他反对彼得的改革，1724年辞去所有职务。1727年成为最高枢密院大臣，到1730年彼得二世去世前一直左右政治决策。彼得死後他要求最高枢密院把皇位授予安娜，但条件是把皇权转交枢密院。安娜起初同意，但後来发现帝国警卫军反对最高枢密院，於是趁机将枢密院解散。1736年季米特里.戈利钦以反对专制制度被捕，判死刑，安娜减为终身监禁。

English version：

Golitsyn family

Russian noble family descended from the 14th-century Lithuanian grand duke Gediminas. Three members played prominent roles as statesmen around the time of Peter I the Great (r. 1682-1725). Vasily Golitsyn was chief adviser to Peter's regent, Sophia Alekseyevna. Boris Golitsyn (1654-1714) was court chamberlain (1676) and Peter's tutor; he participated in the coup that placed Peter on the throne and was associated with the major achievements of Peter's early reign. Peter dismissed him after his despotic rule of a province in the lower Volga resulted in a major revolt. Dmitry Golitsyn (1665-1737) held several posts under Peter from 1697 but opposed Peter's reforms and in 1724 was deprived of all public duties. In 1727 he became a member of the Supreme Privy Council, which governed for Peter II until his death (1730). He urged the council to offer the throne to Anna Ivanovna if she would sign a set of conditions transferring crucial prerogatives to the council. She initially agreed, then dissolved the council. He was condemned to death (1736) for his antiautocratic beliefs, but Anna commuted his sentence to life imprisonment.