催眠(hypnosis)
类似睡眠的状态，由人（催眠师）诱导进入，其暗示催眠对象立即接受。受催眠的个体似乎以一种毫无判断力、无意识的方式做出回应，忽略催眠师没有指明的四周状态（如景象、声音）。即使是受催眠者的记忆和自觉都可以用暗示来修改，暗示的效果可能延伸（催眠後暗示）到受催眠者其後的清醒活动。催眠术与巫术、魔术一样古老。18世纪由梅斯梅尔推广普及，19世纪由苏格兰外科医师布雷德（1795～1860）研究。弗洛伊德藉以探索无意识，最後受到医学与心理学认可，有助於安抚或麻醉病患，缓和有害的行为，并揭露压抑的记忆。催眠仍旧没有广泛接受的解释，不过重要的学说集中在分离的解题状态影响意识部分的可能性。
English version：
hypnosis
State that resembles sleep but is induced by a person (the hypnotist) whose suggestions are readily accepted by the subject. The hypnotized individual seems to respond in an uncritical, automatic fashion, ignoring aspects of the environment (e.g., sights, sounds) not pointed out to him or her by the hypnotist. Even the subject's memory and awareness of self may be altered by suggestion, and the effects of the suggestions may be extended (posthypnotically) into the subject's subsequent waking activity. Hypnotism is as old as the arts of sorcery and magic. It was popularized in the 18th century by Franz Anton Mesmer (as “mesmerism”), and was studied in the 19th century by the Scottish surgeon James Braid (1795-1860). Sigmund Freud relied on it in exploring the unconscious, and it eventually came to be recognized in medicine and psychology as useful in helping to calm or anesthetize patients, modify unwanted behaviors, and uncover repressed memories. There remains no generally acceptable explanation for hypnosis, though one prominent theory focuses on the possibility of discrete dissociative states affecting portions of consciousness.
参考文章
- 为什么儿童及老年人宜用醛类催眠药神经与精神科
- 怎样进行自我催眠法神经与精神科
- 什么是催眠疗法？神经与精神科
- 为什么苯二氮类催眠药倍受人们的重视神经与精神科
- 什么是露天催眠法神经与精神科
- 催眠药物为什么宜间断使用中老年
- 催眠术的过程是怎样进行的神经与精神科
- 沐浴为什么具有催眠作用神经与精神科
- 中老年人常服催眠药好不好神经与精神科
- 为什么暗示疗法与催眠密切相关神经与精神科
