南非国民党(National Party of South Africa)

1948～1994年统治南非的政党。其党员包括大部分的阿非利堪人和许多操英语的白人。赫尔佐格为了团结阿非利堪人反对波塔和斯穆茨政府的英国化政策，於1914年成立国民党。1933～1939年，赫尔佐格和斯穆茨组成联合政府，把各自的追随者合并为统一党。但马兰领导的一些国民党人不肯参加统一党，仍保持国民党，1939年又推赫尔佐格为领导人。在1948年的选举中获胜，并制定了一大批种族主义的法律後，国民党称其改革为「种族隔离政策」。1961年国民党使南非脱离国协成为共和国。1982年该党的不少右翼分子反对放宽限制的政策，因而退党成立保守党。在戴克拉克的领导下，南非国民党试图推翻种族隔离的法律。1994年国民党在南非首次举行的多种族选举中失利，但仍与其长期的对手非洲民族议会合组联合政府。1996年颁布的新宪法实施後，国民党人辞去政府官职以示抗议。亦请参阅Botha, P(ieter) W(illem)。

English version：

National Party of South Africa

South African political party that ruled the country 1948-94. Its following includes most Afrikaners and many English-speaking whites. It was founded in 1914 by J.B.M. Hertzog to rally Afrikaners against the Anglicizing policies of the government of Louis Botha and Jan Smuts. From 1933 to 1939 Hertzog and Smuts joined a coalition government and fused their followings into the United Party. Some Nationalists, led by Daniel F. Malan, held out and kept the National Party alive, and in 1939 accepted Hertzog back as their leader. After winning the 1948 elections and enacting a mass of racial legislation, the party named its policy apartheid. In 1961 it broke South Africa away from the Commonwealth, making it a republic. In 1982 much of its right wing broke off in opposition to liberalizing policies to form the Conservative Party. Under F.W. de Klerk, it began to seek repeal of racial laws. It was defeated in South Africa's first multiracial elections in 1994, but participated in a coalition government with its longtime rival, the African National Congress. With the enactment of a new constitution in 1996, the Nationalists resigned from the government in protest. See also P. W. Botha.