吉尔吉斯(Kyrgyzstan)

正式名称吉尔吉斯共和国（Kyrgyz Republic）

亚洲中部国家，东南部有科克沙尔陶岭（天山的一部分），构成与中国的边界。面积198,500平方公里。人口约4,934,000（2001）。首都︰比什凯克。约有一半人民是吉尔吉斯人，其余的是俄罗斯人和乌兹别克人，以及1941年被赶出俄罗斯西部的乌克兰人和德国人。语言︰吉尔吉斯语和俄语（官方语）。宗教：伊斯兰教（逊尼派）。货币︰松姆（som）。吉尔吉斯是一个多山的国家，在东端耸立着全国最高峰胜利峰，海拔7,439公尺。该国的谷地和平原仅占全国的1/7，但大部分的人口集中於这些地方。经济主要以农业为基础，包括牲畜饲养以及种植谷类、马铃薯、棉花和甜菜等作物。采煤以及食品加工、机械生产等工业也很重要。政府形式为共和国，两院制。国家元首暨政府首脑是总统，由总理辅佐。

吉尔吉斯人是中亚的游牧民族，古代曾定居於天山地区。1207年被成吉思汗的儿子术赤所征服。18世纪中叶纳入中国清朝的版图。19世纪俄罗斯人控制该区，1916年发生反叛苏联的暴动，遭到一段长期的粗暴镇压。1924年成为苏联的自治省，1936年设为吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国。1991年获得独立。1990年代在民主路上奋斗不懈，努力缔造繁荣的经济。

English version：

Kyrgyzstan

Country, central Asia. On the southeast, the Kok Shaal-Tau Range, part of the Tian Shan, forms the border with China. Area: 76,600 sq mi (198,500 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 4,595,000. Capital: Bishkek. The Kyrgyz make up about one-half of the population; the remainder consists of Russians and Uzbecks, and Ukrainians and Germans deported from western Russia in 1941. Languages: Kyrgyz, Russian (both official). Religion: Islam (Sunnite). Currency: som. Kyrgyzstan is a largely mountainous country. At its eastern edge rises Victory (Pobedy) Peak, which at 24,406 ft (7,439 m) is the country's highest peak. The country's valleys and plains, occupying only one-seventh of the total area, are home to most of its people. The economy is based largely on agriculture, including livestock raising and the cultivation of cereals, potatoes, cotton, and sugar beets. Coal mining and industries such as food processing and the production of machinery are also important. It is a republic with two legislative houses; its head of state and government is the president, assisted by the prime minister. The Kyrgyz, a nomadic people of central Asia, settled in the Tian Shan region in ancient times. They were conquered by Genghis Khan's son J?chi in 1207. The area became part of the Qing empire of China in the mid-18th century. The region came under Russian control in the 19th century, and its rebellion against the Soviet Union in 1916 resulted in a long period of brutal repression. Kirgiziya became an autonomous province of the Soviet Union in 1924 and was made the Kirgiz Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936. Kyrgyzstan gained independence in 1991. In the 1990s it struggled with its democratization process and with establishing a thriving economy.

参考文章

• 吉尔吉斯共和国的历史沿革专项地理
• 吉尔吉斯斯坦出生的名人大全生活知识