成吉思汗(约1160～1227年)

Genghis Khan，亦拼作Chinggis Khan。

本名铁木真

善於征战的的蒙古统治者，他将蒙古的游牧部落凝聚成统一的蒙古国。从中国的太平洋岸到欧洲的亚德里亚海（Adriatic）都是其部队的战场。他为史上最大的陆上帝国立下根基。铁木真原为一贫困部族的首领，他与诸多敌对部族交战，终於组成蒙古联盟。该联盟於西元1206年推举他为成吉思汗（意为普世的统治者）。同年，统一的蒙古人蓄势待发，准备跨出大草原，征服其他地域。成吉思汗为夺取与摧毁城市，调整他的军事战术，从纯粹依赖骑兵，到使用围攻、投石机、云梯以及其他适用於此目标的配备与技术。不到十年，他已掌控由女真所控制之中国的大部分。随後他摧毁穆斯林的花剌子模王朝，同时其将领也劫掠伊朗（Iran）和俄罗斯。成吉思汗因为屠城，以及摧毁田地和灌溉系统而恶名昭彰，但其出众的军事才能与学习能力，亦备受赞扬。他在一场军事远征途中身亡後，帝国版图由其儿子与孙子瓜分。

English version：

约1160～1227年

Genghis Khan

Mongolian warrior-ruler who consolidated nomadic tribes into a unified Mongolia and whose troops fought from China's Pacific coast to Europe's Adriatic Sea, creating the basis for one of the greatest continental empires of all time. The leader of a destitute clan, Temüjin fought various rival clans and formed a Mongol confederacy, which in 1206 acknowledged him as Genghis Khan ("Universal Ruler"). By that year the united Mongols were ready to move out beyond the steppe. He adapted his method of warfare, moving from dependence on pure cavalry to the use of sieges, catapults, ladders, and other equipment and techniques suitable for the capture and destruction of cities. In less than 10 years he took over most of Juchen-controlled China; he then destroyed the Muslim Khwarezm-Shah dynasty while his generals raided Iran and Russia. He is infamous for his slaughter of whole cities and destruction of fields and irrigation systems, but admired for his military brilliance and ability to learn. He died on a military campaign, and the empire was divided among his sons and grandsons.

参考文章

• 成吉思汗陵（QinggisHanMausoleum）中国地理
• 《成吉思汗》读后感6篇400、600、700、900字读后感作文
• 《成吉思汗和鹰》读后感3篇400、600字读后感作文