佛朗哥(1892～1975年)

Franco, Francisco

全名为Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde

西班牙将军和西班牙政府的首脑（1939～1975）。十四岁时进入步兵学校，後志愿在军中服役。因其很快展示出统领部队的才能，赢得了美誉。1935年任西班牙陆军总参谋长，西班牙内战时加入暴动，被任命为民族主义军队领袖（1936）。1937年，他重组长枪党（西班牙法西斯党）。他在将长枪党扩大成为多元组织的同时明确指出，是政府利用党，而不是相反。在第二次世界大战，虽然同情轴心国，西班牙仍保持中立。1950年代和1960年代，佛朗哥的国内政策变得有些开朗，西班牙的经济有很大的进步。战後新成立的联合国排斥佛朗哥政府，但随着冷战的开始，他的政府与其他国家的关系开始正常化。这时他被视作世界上反对共产主义的主要政治家之一。1947年他通过全民投票，使西班牙成为君主国，并批准他成为终生摄政者。1969年指定胡安.卡洛斯王子为他的继承人。

English version：

1892～1975年

Franco, Francisco

Spanish general and head of the government of Spain (1939-75). A career army officer, he was noted as a skillful leader and became army chief of staff in 1935. He joined the insurgents in the Spanish Civil War and was named caudillo (head) of the Nationalist forces (1936). In 1937 he reorganized the fascist Falange party into a more pluralistic group and made it the regime's official political movement. Though in sympathy with the Axis Powers in World War II, Spain remained formally neutral, but after the war Franco was ostracized as the “last surviving Fascist dictator.” Relations with other nations regularized with the onset of the Cold War, as Franco became a leading anticommunist statesman. In the 1950s and '60s, his domestic policies moderated and Spain made great economic progress. He provided for his succession by an official referendum in 1947 that made the Spanish state a monarchy, ratifying his powers as regent for life. In 1969 he designated Prince Juan Carlos as his successor.