伊朗诸语言(Iranian languages)

印欧语系家族中印度-伊朗语（Indo-Iranian）分支的主要次族群。伊朗诸语言在西南亚和南亚约有八千万人使用。阿维斯塔语和古波斯语为已知的两种古伊朗诸语言（Old Iranian languages）。中古伊朗诸语言（Middle Iranian languages，约西元前300年至西元950年）目前已知分为西部和东部两个族群。现代伊朗诸语言（Modern Iranian languages）则分为四个族群，西南族群包括现代波斯语（法尔斯语）、达利（Dari，位於阿富汗北方）、塔吉克位（於塔吉克和其他中亚共和国）、卢尔语（Luri）、巴克提尔利语（Bakhtiari，於伊朗西南部）和塔特语（Tat）；西北族群则有库尔德语（Kurdish，於库尔德斯坦〔Kurdistan〕使用）、俾路支语（Baluchi，於巴基斯坦西南方、伊朗东南方和阿富汗南方使用）；东南族群有普什图语（Pashto，於阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北方使用）和约十种帕米尔诸语言（Pamir languages，於塔吉克东方、阿富汗和中国毗连区使用）；东北族群有生活於高加索山的奥塞特人（Osset）使用的奥塞特语（Ossetic）、帕米尔高原区之前所使用的雅格诺比语（Yaghnobi）。几乎所有现念伊朗诸语言都以阿拉伯字母书写。

English version：

Iranian languages

Major subgroup of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Iranian languages are probably spoken by over 80 million people in southwestern and southern Asia. Only two Old Iranian languages are known, Avestan and Old Persian. A greater number of Middle Iranian languages (c. 300 BC-AD 950) are known; these are divided into a western and an eastern group. Modern Iranian languages have been divided into four groups. The southwestern group includes Modern Persian (Farsi), Dari (in northern Afghanistan), Tajiki (in Tajikistan and other Central Asian republics), Luri and Bakhtiari (in southwestern Iran), and Tat. The northwestern group includes Kurdish (spoken in Kurdistan) and Baluchi (in southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran, and southern Afghanistan). The southeastern group includes Pashto (in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan) and the 10 or so Pamir languages (in eastern Tajikistan and adjacent parts of Afghanistan and China). The northeastern group includes Ossetic, spoken by the Ossetes in the central Caucasus Mtns., and Yaghnobi, formerly spoken in a single valley of the Pamirs. Nearly all the Modern Iranian languages have been written—if at all—in adaptations of the Arabic alphabet.