哈代(1840～1928年)

Hardy, Thomas

英国小说家和诗人。乡村石匠和建筑工人之子，在开始写诗和散文以前曾从事建筑工作。从他的第二部小说《绿林荫下》（1872）开始，他的许多小说都是以假想的英国郡韦塞克斯为背景。《远离尘嚣》（1874）是哈代第一部成功之作，其後的《还乡》（1878）、《嘉德桥市长》（1886）、《林地居民》（1887）、《黛丝姑娘》（1891）以及《无名的裘德》（1895），全都表达了作者禁欲的悲观论及他认为不可避免的悲剧生命。它们持续受到欢迎（大多已被拍成电影）多数是由於丰富多样但容易达到的技巧和它们综合了浪漫的情节和有说服力的人物。哈代的作品渐渐开始与维多利亚时代的道德观念发生冲突，《无名的裘德》激起了更大的愤怒和抨击，使得他不在写小说。他转而写诗，先後出版了《韦塞克斯诗集》（1898）、《今昔诗篇》（1901）和《列王》（1910），这是有关拿破仑战争的三卷诗剧。

English version：

1840～1928年

Hardy, Thomas

British novelist and poet. Son of a country stonemason and builder, he practiced architecture before beginning to write poetry, then prose. Many of his novels, beginning with his second, Under the Greenwood Tree (1872), are set in the imaginary county of Wessex. Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), his first success, was followed by The Return of the Native (1878), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), The Woodlanders (1887), Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1895), all expressing his stoical pessimism and his sense of the inevitable tragedy of life. Their continuing popularity (many have been filmed) owes much to their richly varied yet accessible style and their combination of romantic plots with convincingly presented characters. Hardy's works became increasingly at odds with Victorian morality, and public indignation at Jude so disgusted him that he wrote no more novels. He returned to poetry with Wessex Poems (1898), Poems of the Past and the Present (1901), and The Dynasts (1910), a huge poetic drama of the Napoleonic Wars.