凡尔赛宫(Versailles, Palace of)

巴黎西南方巴洛克宫廷，主要建於路易十四世。凡尔赛宫自1682年至1789年是法国皇室住所和政府中心，有1,000名廷臣和4,000名侍从居住在这里。原本为狩猎居所，路易十三世和路易十四世予以扩建。勒沃、勒布伦和勒诺特尔於1660年代开始设计。奢华的建筑体，每个细节都在彰显法国的昌隆。凡尔赛为宫殿的理想，遍布到欧洲和美国。勒诺特尔设计了广阔、优美、精致有华丽喷泉的花园。勒沃去世後，芒萨尔承担凡尔赛的扩建工程，建造了橘园、大特里阿农宫以及凡尔赛宫的南北翼。1761～1764年路易十五世又建造了小特里阿农宫。1837年路易－腓力修复宫廷并建造了博物馆。

English version：

Versailles, Palace of

Baroque palace southwest of Paris built chiefly under Louis XIV. It was the principal residence of the French kings and the seat of government from 1682 to 1789, with some 1,000 courtiers and 4,000 attendants residing there. Originally a hunting lodge, it was enlarged by Louis XIII and Louis XIV. Louis Le Vau (1612-1670), with Charles Le Brun and Andre Le Notre, began work on the palace in the 1660s. A masterpiece of formal grandeur intended as the visible expression of the glory of France, Versailles became the palatial ideal throughout Europe and the Americas. Le N?tre's inventive arrangement of earth forms, plantings, and fountains created vistas, terraces, formal gardens, and wooded areas that celebrated the delights of both open and intimate space. After Le Vau's death, Jules Hardouin-Mansart (1646-1708) was commissioned to triple the size of the palace and built the northern and southern wings, the Orangerie, and the Grand Trianon. Later additions include the classically restrained Petit Trianon, built 1761-64 for Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour. The first scenes of the French Revolution were enacted at Versailles, which had become a symbol of royal extravagance. In 1837 Louis-Philippe restored the palace and turned it into a museum.

参考文章

• 凡尔赛宫的由来中国地理