希腊内战(1944～1945年；1946～1949年)

Greek Civil War

希腊共产党试图控制希腊而失败的冲突，分为两个阶段。纳粹德国的占领一直遭受希腊两个主要游击部队的抵抗，即共产党控制的民族解放阵线-人民解放军（简称EAM-ELAS）和希腊民主国民军（简称EDES）。冲突起於民族解放阵线-人民解放军成立了临时政府，暗示否认希腊国王和他的流亡政府。1944年当德军自希腊撤军时，在英国的撮合下，共产党人与保王的希腊游击队共组一个不稳定的联合政府。由於共产党成员拒绝解散其游击队，1944年末爆发了一场激烈内战，随後为英军镇压。希腊大选时，共产党人和他们的追随者弃权，希腊国王重新执政。1946年共产党人再启全面的游击战端，美国负起了保卫希腊的承诺，创造了杜鲁门主义为正义的象徵。在山区的小规模战斗後，1949年共党宣告停止公开战斗。估计约有50,000希腊人在这次内战中丧生，留下难以磨灭的痛苦。

English version：

1944～1945年；1946～1949年

Greek Civil War

Two-stage conflict during which Greek communists unsuccessfully tried to gain control of Greece. The two principal Greek guerrilla forces that had resisted Nazi Germany's occupation—the communist-controlled National Liberation Front-National Popular Liberation Army (EAM-ELAS) and the Greek Democratic National Army (EDES)—came into conflict after EAM-ELAS set up a provisional government that rejected the Greek king and his government-in-exile. When Germany withdrew from Greece in 1944, the communists and royalist guerrillas were brought together by the British in an uneasy coalition. Because the communist guerrillas refused to disband their forces, a bitter civil war broke out in late 1944 that was put down by British forces. After elections that the communists did not participate in, the Greek king was restored to his throne. In 1946 a full-scale guerrilla war was reopened by the communists. The U.S. government took over the defense of Greece, creating the Truman Doctrine as justification. After fierce skirmishes in the mountains, in 1949 the communists announced the end of open hostilities. An estimated 50,000 Greeks died in the conflict, which left a legacy of bitterness.