基督教基要主义(fundamentalism, Christian)

在美国由19世纪千禧年主义而兴起的保守新教徒运动。它强调圣经中字面意义真理的重要性、基督即将以肉身再度降临、童女生子、复活以及赎罪。这股思潮就在1880年代和1890年代，新教徒受到肉体操劳、天主教徒移民以及圣经批判学的打击下播散开来。美国普林斯顿神学院的学者所提供了理性上的论证，并印制成12本小册子（1910～1915）。1920年代是基要主义的黑暗期，学校教授不符合圣经的演化论，而圣经批判学又对基要主义展开重击。到了1930年代和1940年代，许多基要主义的圣经研究机构和学院纷纷成立，而浸信会和长老会内部的基要主义团体也脱离母会，成立新的教会。到了20世纪末，基要主义者透过电视媒体来宣讲福音，并成为「基督教右翼」在政治上的声音。亦请参阅evangelicalism、Pentecostalism。

English version：

fundamentalism, Christian

Conservative Protestant movement that arose out of 19th-century millennialism in the U.S. It emphasized as fundamental the literal truth of the Bible, the imminent physical Second Coming of Jesus, the virgin birth, resurrection, and atonement. It spread in the 1880s and '90s among Protestants dismayed by labor unrest, Catholic immigration, and biblical criticism. Scholars at Princeton Theological Seminary provided intellectual arguments, published as 12 pamphlets (1910-15). Displeasure over the teaching of evolution, which many believed could not be reconciled with the Bible, and over biblical criticism gave fundamentalism momentum in the 1920s. In the 1930s and '40s, many fundamentalist Bible institutes and colleges were established, and fundamentalist groups within some Baptist and Presbyterian denominations broke away to form new churches. In the later 20th century, fundamentalists made use of television as a medium for evangelizing and became vocal in politics as the "Christian right". See also evangelicalism, Pentecostalism.