纳尔逊(1758～1805年)

Nelson, Horatio

受封为纳尔逊子爵（Viscount Nelson）

以纳尔逊勳爵（Lord Nelson）知名

英国海军统帅。1770年加入海军，1777～1783年在西印度群岛服役。1793年派往地中海支援与法国作战的英国盟军。圣维森特角战役（1797）英国获得对西班牙和法国的胜利後，他被擢升为海军少将。1798年追击拿破仑的军队至埃及，并赢得尼罗河战役的胜利。停留在那不勒斯等待船舰修复期间，曾与汉弥尔顿夫人展开恋情。因协助那不勒斯国王斐迪南一世重获政权（1799），而获布龙泰公爵爵位。身为攻打丹麦远征军的副总司令，他技巧性地赢得哥本哈根战役的胜利（1801），并登上了海军总司令的宝座。1805年因拿破仑的法国舰队计画侵略英国所造成的威胁被派往地中海。在接下来的特拉法加战役中，登上「胜利号」旗舰的纳尔逊遭到一名法军狙击手从「凶猛号」上开枪击中，并在英军获胜後随即去世。其去世受到广泛民众的哀悼，并被视为英国最受到欢迎的英雄。他杰出的战略技巧确保了英国海军一百多年来的海上优势。

English version：

1758～1805年

Nelson, Horatio

known asLord NelsonBritish naval commander. He entered the navy in 1770 and served in the West Indies 1777-83. In 1793 he was sent to support the British allies against the French in the Mediterranean. After the British victory against the Spanish and French in the Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), he was promoted to rear admiral. In 1798 he pursued Napoleon's fleet to Egypt, where he won the decisive Battle of the Nile. During a prolonged stay in Naples for his ships' repairs, he pursued a love affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton. For helping restore the Neapolitan king Ferdinand I to power (1799), he was created duca (Duke) di Bronte. As second in command of an expedition to attack Denmark, he skillfully won the Battle of Copenhagen (1801), and was appointed commander in chief of the navy. In 1805 he was sent to the Mediterranean to meet the threat posed by the French fleet in Napoleon's scheme to invade England. In the ensuing Battle of Trafalgar, Nelson, aboard his flagship Victory, was shot by a French sniper from the Redoutable and died just as the British fleet secured its victory. His death was widely mourned, and he became England's most popular hero. His brilliant tactical command assured British naval supremacy for over 100 years.