里尔克(1875～1926年)

Rilke, Rainer Maria，原名René Maria Rilke。

德国籍奥地利诗人。童年生活不幸，只受过不是很好的学前教育，而後在整个欧洲漂泊了一生。在俄国时，激发他创作了第一部重要作品，即长诗系列《时间之书》（1905）。在1902年以後的十二年间，主要居住在巴黎，并发展出一种新的诗歌风格，试图表现物体的外资形象，写出了《新诗集》（1907～1908）以及其散文版《布里格记事》（1910）。接下来的十三年间，由於对作家的压制，他极少写作。在1922年最终完成了他的十首诗《杜伊诺哀歌》（1923），是对人存在的矛盾的思考，成为20世纪诗歌的经典之作。其後以惊人的速度出人意料地创作了《献给奥菲斯的十四行诗》，是悼念一名少女之死而写的五十五首组诗，延续了《杜伊诺哀歌》对死亡、再生以及诗歌本身的思考。这两首诗为他带来了国际声誉。

English version：

1875～1926年

Rilke, Rainer Maria

Austrian-German poet. After an unhappy childhood and an ill-planned preparatory education, Rilke began a life of wandering that took him across Europe. His visits to Russia inspired his first serious work, the long poem cycle The Book of Hours (1905). For 12 years beginning in 1902 his geographic center was Paris, where he developed a new style of lyrical poetry that attempted to capture the plastic essence of a physical object; the results were New Poems (1907-8) and its prose counterpart, the novel The Notebook of Malte Laurids Brigge (1910). After 13 years of writing very little because of writer's block and depression, in 1922 he finally completed the 10 poems of the Duino Elegies (1923), a profound meditation on the paradoxes of human existence and one of the century's poetic masterpieces. Unexpectedly and with astonishing speed, he then composed Sonnets to Orpheus (1923), a superb 55-poem cycle inspired by the death of a young girl, which continues the Elegies' meditations on death, transcendence, and poetry. The two works brought him international fame.