纪德(1869～1951年)

Gide, André(-Paul-Guillaume)

法国作家。法律教授之子，早年便开始写作。他早期的作品散文诗《地粮》（1897）反映出纪德更加明白自己同性恋的倾向。《背德者》（1902）和《窄门》（1909）表现了古典作品的结构，并且文体精简。《梵谛冈的地窖》（1914）他称之为傻剧，即一种讽刺剧，以不依惯例、诙谐的叙事方式处理愚笨或疯狂的人物。这部小说反对教权，因此成为纪德第一部受到强烈抨击的作品。1908年他与人共同创办《法国文学评论》，这是在第二次世界大战以前将所有的法国进步作家团结起来的一份杂志。自传《如果麦子不死》（1926）描绘他从童年到结婚的生活，这是一部伟大的自白式文学作品。为同性恋辩护的《哥丽童》（1924）出版後，他受到严厉的攻击。1926年《伪币制造者》出版，这是一部结构复杂的小说。他拥护受害人和被遗弃的人，一度信仰共产主义；随着第二次世界大战的爆发，纪德开始了解传统的价值，也开始重视过去。1947年获诺贝尔文学奖。

English version：

1869～1951年

Gide, André(-Paul-Guillaume)

French writer. Son of a law professor, he began writing at an early age. His early prose poem Fruits of the Earth (1897) reflects his increasing awareness of his homosexuality. The novellas The Immoralist (1902) and Strait Is the Gate (1909) showed his mastery of classical construction, and Lafcadio's Adventures displayed his gift for mordant satire. In 1908 he cofounded La nouvelle revue fran?aise, the literary review that would unite progressive French writers for 30 years. The autobiographical If It Die . . . (1924) is among the great works of confessional literature. Corydon (1924), a defense of homosexuality, was violently attacked. The Counterfeiters (1926) is his most complex novel. He become a champion of society's victims and outcasts, and was for a time attracted to communism; with the outbreak of World War II he gained a greater appreciation for tradition. He received the Nobel Prize in 1947.