阿尔及尔(Algiers)

法语作Alger

阿尔及利亚首都和主要海港（1995年人口约2,168,000），位於阿尔及尔湾（Bay of Algiers）。是腓尼基人作为其众多的北非殖民地之一建立起的。後被罗马人统治。5世纪时被汪达尔人摧毁，10世纪时被柏柏尔人王朝恢复。16世纪初受到西班牙的威胁，当地的酋长请求两位土耳其海盗把西班牙人赶走，其中一位巴尔巴罗萨（Barbarossa）赶走了西班牙人，并把阿尔及尔置於鄂图曼苏丹统辖之下。他的努力使阿尔及尔在此後的三百年间变成了巴贝里海岸（Barbary Coast）海盗的主要基地。他们的活动一直到1818年才被第开特（Stephen Decatur）领导的美国势力削弱。1830年法国占领该城，把它变成了其在北非和西非的殖民帝国的军事和政治指挥部。第二次世界大战期间，阿尔及尔成了盟军在北非的指挥部，一度还是法国临时首都。在1950年代，阿尔及利亚独立战争时，这座首都城市就成了斗争的焦点。独立後，阿尔及尔成为全国的政治、经济和文化中心。

English version：

Algiers

City (pop., 1995 est.: 2,168,000), chief seaport, and capital of Algeria. Located along the Bay of Algiers, and first settled by Phoenicians, it was later ruled by the Romans. It was destroyed by the Vandals in the 5th century AD but revived under a Berber dynasty in the 10th century. When the Spanish threatened it in the early 16th century, the emir appealed to Barbarossa, who expelled the Spanish and placed Algiers under the Ottoman sultanate. Algiers became the major base for the Barbary Coast pirates for 300 years; their activities were finally curtailed in 1818 by an American force led by Stephen Decatur. The French took the city in 1830 and made it headquarters for their African colonial empire. In World War II, it became the Allied headquarters in northern Africa and for a time the provisional capital of France. In the 1950s it was the focal point in the drive for Algeria's independence; after independence, Algiers grew as the country's political, economic, and cultural center.

参考文章

• 阿尔及尔名称的由来中国地理