南达科他(South Dakota)

美国中北部一州。面积199,730平方公里，首府皮耳。主要分为三个区：东部是大草原；中部为大平原，包括巴德兰地区；西部为布拉克山一带。密苏里河由北向南从中流贯。18世纪法国曾探勘该地区，1803年作为路易斯安那购地的一部分卖给美国。1804年路易斯和克拉克远征曾在此停留约七个星期。1861年设立达科他准州，但居民点零星分布，直到1875～1876年布拉克山淘金热潮时才人口激增。印第安人与白人移民之间的战事时断时续，终於导致1890年的伤膝惨案。1889年成为美国第四十个州。农业和相关工业形成该州的经济基础，牛和猪的产量居领先地位，谷物为主要作物。观光业亦重要，吸引游客的景点有拉什莫尔山国家公园、温德岩洞国家公园、巴德兰国家公园和朱厄尔洞穴国家保护区等。人口约755,000（2000）。

English version：

South Dakota

State (pop., 1997 est.: 738,000), northern central U.S. It covers 77,116 sq mi (199,730 sq km); its capital is Pierre. The state has three main regions: the eastern prairie; the central Great Plains, which contain the Badlands; and the Black Hills to the west. The Missouri River bisects it from north to south. The French explored the area in the 18th century, and sold it to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. The Lewis and Clark Expedition spent about seven weeks there in 1804. The Dakota Territory was created in 1861, but settlement was sparse until the Black Hills gold rush of 1875-76 swelled the population. Intermittent wars between the Indians and immigrant whites occurred until the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890. South Dakota became the 40th U.S. state in 1889. Farming and related industries form the state's economic base. It is a leader in cattle and hog production, and its main crops are grains. Tourism is a major industry; attractions include the Mount Rushmore, Wind Cave, and Badlands national parks, and Jewel Cave National Monument.