班达拉奈克(1899～1959年)

Bandaranaike, S(olomon) W(est) R(idgeway) D(ias)

锡兰（今斯里兰卡）的政治人物和总理（1956～1959）。毕业於牛津大学。後成为亲西方的统一国民党的杰出成员。1952年创立民族主义的斯里兰卡自由党，成为立法机构中反对党的领袖。後来与四个民族主义和社会主义党派结成联盟，在1956年选举中大获全胜，使他当选总理。在班达拉奈克的统治下，僧伽罗语取代英语成为该国官方语言；佛教（大多数人信仰）在国家事务中被赋予重要地位；也与共产主义国家建立起外交关系。1959年被暗杀。其遗孀班达拉奈克夫人（1916～2000）在1960年当选为世界上第一位女总理，她担任该职一直到1965年，此後还两次当选为总理（1970～1977、1994～2000）。在她的任内通过一部新宪法，宣布成立共和国（1972），并改国号为斯里兰卡。她的女儿昌德利卡.班达拉奈克.库马拉通加（1945～）於1994年当选为斯里兰卡总统，任命其母担任总理（第三任）。

English version：

1899～1959年

Bandaranaike, S(olomon) W(est) R(idgeway) D(ias)

Statesman and prime minister of Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) 1956-59. Educated at Oxford Univ., he became a prominent member of Ceylon's Western-oriented United National Party. In 1952 he founded the nationalist Sri Lanka Freedom Party, becoming the leader of the opposition in the legislature. He later formed an alliance of four nationalist-socialist parties that swept elections in 1956 and made him prime minister. Under Bandaranaike, Sinhalese replaced English as the country's official language, Buddhism (the majority religion) was given a prominent place in the affairs of state, and Ceylon established diplomatic relations with communist states. He was assassinated in 1959. His widow, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (1916-2000), became the world's first woman prime minister in 1960, serving until 1965, and twice more served as prime minister (1970-77 and 1994-2000). Her terms saw adoption of a new constitution proclaiming a republic (1972) and the change of the country's name to Sri Lanka. She was appointed to a third term as prime minister when her daughter, Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga (born 1945), became president in 1994.