威廉三世(1650～1702年)

William III

荷兰语作Willem Hendrik

尼德兰联合省都统（1672～1702）、英格兰国王（1689～1702）。奥兰治亲王威廉二世和英格兰查理一世之女玛丽之子。「退隐法」（1654）明文规定奥兰治亲王及其子孙不得担任国家公职，此法至1660年废除。1672年2月出任联省共和国军队统帅，同年总议会推举威廉为都统。他成功的抵抗了英格兰的查理二世和法国国王路易十四世的入侵。1677年威廉与约克公爵詹姆斯（後来的英王詹姆斯二世）之女玛丽结婚。当时，英王詹姆斯二世专横暴虐，极不得人心。反对詹姆斯的一派邀请威廉进行干预，他率领荷兰军队在得文登陆。1689年威廉和玛丽成为英格兰统治者；1694年玛丽死後由他单独统治。他领导欧洲反抗路易十四世，发动了大同盟战争（1689～1697）。在英国，他维护宗教自由和强化议会，通过的「王位继承法」授予司法独立。

English version：

1650～1702年

William III

Stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (1672-1702) and king of England (1689-1702). Son of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary, daughter of Charles I of England, he was born in The Hague soon after his father's death. The Act of Seclusion (1654) that barred the House of Orange from power in the United Provinces was rescinded in 1660, and William was appointed captain-general and named stadtholder by popular acclaim in 1672. He successfully defended his country against Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France. In 1677 he married Mary (later Queen Mary II), daughter of the English duke of York (later James II). In 1688 William was invited by James's opponents to intervene against the Catholic ruler, and he landed with a Dutch army in Devon, England. He and Mary were proclaimed joint rulers of England in 1689; he ruled alone after Mary's death in 1694. He directed the European opposition to Louis XIV, which led to the War of the Grand Alliance. In Britain he secured religious toleration and strengthened Parliament, granting independence to the judiciary in the Act of Settlement.