康多尔(1778～1841年)

Candolle, Augustin (Pyrame de)

瑞士植物学家。1796年到巴黎後，曾担任居维叶的助手和与拉马克共同修订他有关植物学的着作。1806～1812年参加了政府委托的对法国植物和农业的调查，1813年发表其最重要的着作《植物学初级理论》，坚决主张把植物解剖学而不是生理学作为分类的唯一基础，并为此创分类学一词。康多尔根据居维叶的动物同源器官的概念，提出植物同源器官的概念。康多尔於1817～1841年任日内瓦大学博物学教授。在《植物界自然分类》（两卷；1818～1821）一书中，他首次提出系统的植物命名法原则。他完成了显花植物的分类，描述了双子叶植物一百六十一个科，也明确证明了林奈分类法的不足。他本拟将所有已知种子植物分类，於是撰写《植物界自然体系序论》（十七卷，1824～1873），但仅完成了该书头七卷的准备工作。

English version：

1778～1841年

Candolle, Augustin (Pyrame de)

Swiss botanist. In Paris (from 1796) he became an assistant to Georges Cuvier and worked with J.-B. Lamarck on revising his botanical works. He carried out a government-commissioned botanical and agricultural survey of France (1806-12). In 1813 he published his most important work, Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, in which he contended that plant anatomy, not physiology, must be the basis of classification, for which he coined the term taxonomy. He introduced the concept of homologous parts for plants (following Cuvier's work on animals). From 1817 until his death he taught at the University of Geneva. He outlined systematic laws of botanical nomenclature (1818-21); his taxonomy suffered from certain weaknesses, but he achieved extensive subdivision of flowering plants, describing 161 families of dicotyledons, and his system supplanted that of Carolus Linnaeus. He completed seven volumes of a descriptive classification of all known seed plants (from 1824).